I made a fun little page that handily describes all the different filaments out there. It has a short description of uses for things like PET and TPE, as well as a handy extruder setting chart for whenever you get your hands on some HIPS or PVA.
Print it out and put it by your filament spool rack!
If there's any other 3D Printing fogginess or a topic that badly needs to be cleaned up and clarified, don't hesitate to yell at me to research and whip up another guide!